Phytoremediation is a green technology with good public perception. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluent. Unlike other kinds of remediation plants, ornamental plants grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects have been an important source of remediation plants in recent years. In the present study, an attempt to have a comparative assessment of the efficiency of aquatic weeds like typha latifolia, eichhornia crassipes, salvinia molesta and pistia stratiotes to treat the effluents under laboratory conditions. Recent techniques article pdf available in african journal of biotechnology 86. Pdf heavy metal pollution, a global problem and its. Vimal chandra pandey, omesh bajpai, in phytomanagement of polluted sites, 2019. The heavy metals cadmium, lead and mercury are common air pollutants, be ing emitted. Conditioning of heavy metal polluted river sediment by cannabis sativa l.
Director background the epa regional ground water forum is a. Phytoremediation is a better option for cleanup of metal contaminated sites. Pivetz technology innovation office office of solid waste and emergency response, us epa, washington, dc walter w. The current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soilwater are expensive, time consuming and environmentally destructive. The use of plants as biosorbents for the removal of heavy metals is considered to. Remediation technologies for soils contaminated with heavy. Phytodegradation, or phytotransformation, is the use of plants to uptake, store and degrade organic pollutants.
Human health, heavy metal, toxicity, exposure effects. Currently, phytoremediation is an effective and affordable technological solution used to extract or remove inactive metals and metal pollutants from. Bioaccumulation of mercury, cadmium, zinc, chromium. Its rhizosphere is denser in bacteria than that of thlaspi caerulescens, but t. For heavy metal phytoremediation and phytoextraction in pa rticular, bioavailability of metals in contaminated soils, is a crucial factor regulating heavy metal uptake by plant roots 5052. The plant protein binds heavy metals and removes them so that plant toxicity does not occur. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Heavy metals, such as lead, chromium, zinc, cadmium and cooper may cause hazardous harm to human health and the environment because of their dissolubility and mobility. Identification and characterization of heavy metals responsive genes article pdf available in clean soil air water 442 august 2015.
Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Phytoextraction of cadmium, copper, zinc and mercury by selected. Mejare m, bulow l 2001b metal binding proteins and peptides in bioremediation and phytoremediation of heavy metals. These methods are efficient, ecofriendly and economic. Research is in progress to screen plants for hyperaccumulation of heavy metals. Plants have a more direct effect on contaminant levels via phytoextraction, which concentrates contaminants e. Some heavy metals have bioimportance as trace elements but, the biotoxic effects of many of them in human. Heavy metals can create stressful conditions to the plants and their growth becomes limited or impossible and this can influence the phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. Phytoremediation is based upon several processes such as phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, phytoaccumulation and phytoextraction. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment.
Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metals assisted by plant growth promoting pgp bacteria. Phytoremediation potential of hemp cannabis sativa l. Phytoremediation is a set of ecological strategies that utilizes plants, in situ, to promote the breakdown, immobilization, and removal of pollutants from the environment 1,2,3. Titled phytoremediation of metals, the patent disclosed a method to remove metal ions from soil using plants. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metalsenhanced by edta. In some cases, soil, water and food are heavily polluted by heavy metals in china. Rhizofiltration, the absorption, concentration, and precipitation of heavy metals by plant roots.
Phytoremediation of contaminated soils using ornamental. Watson environmental, agricultural and analytical chemistry section, chemistry department, university of glasgow, glasgow g12 8qq, uk received 20 august 2002. Several methods already used to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to get optimum results. Heavy metals in soilpollution the term heavy metal refers to those metals of the periodic tables whose specific weight is greater than 5g. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated. Heavy metals distribution, sources, and ecological risk. Pdf phytoremediation potential of hemp cannabis sativa.
Heavy metals that have been identified in the polluted environment include as, cu, cd, pb, cr, ni, hg and zn. A b s t r a c t continued industrialization, agricultural practices, and other anthropogenic activities lead to heavy metals contamination. Microalgae remove heavy metals directly from polluted water by two major mechanisms. Several classification schemes were found relating to the types of phytoremediation, the most common of which is presented below. In recent years, scientists and engineers have started to generate cost effective technologies that include use. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from soils springerlink. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals.
Phytoremediation offers owners and managers of metal contaminated sites an innovative and costeffective option to address recalcitrant environmental contaminants. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot degrade, andtherefore effective cleanup requires their immobilization to reduce or remove toxicity. Metal hyper accumulating plants have gained increased attention because of their potential to accumulate heavy metals. The increasing amounts of heavy metals entering aquatic environments can result in. Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects academic journals. Heavy metals cannot be destroyed biologically no degradation, change in the nuclear structure of the element, occurs but are only trans. So, in our study we tried to enhance the phytoremediation capacity of eichhornia crassipes to treat heavy metals by using electric current. The presence of any metal may vary from site to site, depending upon the source of individual pollutant. Advancement in molecular studies will improve efficiency of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. Phytoremediation efficiencies of waterhyacinth in removing heavy metals in domestic sewage a case study of university of ilorin, nigeria int j eng sci. Phytoremediation potentials of sunflowers tithonia. Heavy metals have severe toxic effects on plants, animals, and human health, and therefore their remediation. Superfund technology support center for ground water mantech environmental research services corporation, p.
Pdf the role of algae in phytoremediation of heavy. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by algae heavy metal removal mechanisms include sedimentation, flocculation, absorptionand cations and anion exchange, complexation, precipitation, oxidationreduction, microbiological activity and uptake. Phytoremediation is the natural ability of certain plants to bioaccumulate, degrade, or render harmless contaminants in soils, water, or air. However, metal phytoavailability is a complex phenomenon that is dependent on a cascade of related factors 53. Lasat 2002 has shown that plants are successful in removing the heavy metals. Thus, the process of removal of heavy metals from soil is called phytoremediation can prove to be cheaper and easier method for heavy metal reduction in soils, and also effective in reducing soil. Phytoremediation offers an opportunity to increase the financial possibility of phytoremediation programs, and to reduce disposal risks through the utilization of metal enriched plant biomass in energy and metal recovery with the burnt process. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils by heavy metals and pahs. Phytoextraction removes metals or organics from soils by accumulating them in the biomass of plants. Heavy metal pollution, a global problem and its remediation by chemically enhanced phytoremediation. Heavy metals in plants and phytoremediation springerlink.
Reduction in concentration of heavy metals in landfill leachate depends upon the duration of exposure to l. Phytoremediation is technically a collection of plantbased technologies that cause remediation of environmental pollution exploiting capability of plants or wild weeds for the remediation of contaminated soil cunningham et al. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metals assisted by plant. Highlights heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem. In zinc and lead mines typha latifolia and phragmites australis have been successfully used for phytoremediation in. Nowadays, human health is being threatened with the release of polluted wastewater in presence of heavy metals into the environment. Heavy metals are naturally occurring throughout the earths crust, but several heavy metals, such as cadmium cd, chromium cr, copper cu, mercury hg, lead pb, nickel ni, zinc zn, and the metalloid arsenic as, are widely used by industries, agriculture and consequently released into the environment tchounwou et al. Selection of the most appropriate soil remediation method depends on site characteristics, concentration, types of pollutants to be removed and the final use of a contaminated. Perspectives of phytoremediation using water hyacinth for. Toxic heavy metals and organic pollutants are the major targets for phytoremediation. Heavy metal toxicity has proven to be a major threat and there are several health risks associated with it.
This research has focused on the source identification, concentration, and ecological risk assessment of eight heavy metals in the. To use plants to remediate heavy metal pollution would be an effective technique in pollution control. Heavy metals are among the most important sorts of contaminant in the environment. This has no basis in chemical or toxicological data. Phytoremediation of industrial mines wastewater using. In recent years, knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms of phytoremediation began to emerge together with biological and engineering strategies designed to optimize and improve phytoremediation.
The accumulation of these pollutants is due to intensive anthropogenic activity. The threat of heavy metals to human and animal health is aggravated by their longterm persistence in the. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils by heavy metals and. Results on removal of heavy metals zn, pb, fe, cu, and ni through phytoremediation of landfill leachate by lemna minor at different time periods of exposure are shown in figures 15.
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